Organic light-emitting device

ABSTRACT

An organic light emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the emission layer including a first compound; and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region including a second compound and a third compound, wherein the first compound is represented by Formula 1, the second compound is represented by Formula 2, and the third compound is represented by Formula 3,

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0048956, filed on Apr. 21, 2016,in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and entitled: “OrganicLight-Emitting Device,” is incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

Embodiments relate to an organic light-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices and have wideviewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, andexcellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speedcharacteristics, compared to devices in the art.

An organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode disposedon a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, anelectron transport region, and a second electrode, which aresequentially disposed on the first electrode in this stated order. Holesprovided from the first electrode may move toward the emission layerthrough the hole transport region, and electrons provided from thesecond electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electrontransport region. Carriers, such as holes and electrons, recombine inthe emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transit from anexcited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.

SUMMARY

Embodiments are directed to an organic light-emitting device.

The embodiments may be realized by providing an organic light emittingdevice including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the firstelectrode; an emission layer between the first electrode and the secondelectrode, the emission layer including a first compound; and anelectron transport region between the emission layer and the secondelectrode, the electron transport region including a second compound anda third compound, wherein the first compound is represented by Formula1, the second compound is represented by Formula 2, and the thirdcompound is represented by Formula 3,

wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, A₁ is selected from a monovalent groupderived from a compound represented by Formula 1 A,

A₂ is selected from a monovalent group derived from compoundsrepresented by Formulae 2A to 2D,

wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, 1A, and 2A to 2D, Y₁ is N(R₄₁) orC(R₄₂)(R₄₃), n1 and n2 are each independently selected from 1, 2, and 3,L₁ to L₃, L₂₁ to L₂₃, and L₃₁ to L₃₃ are each independently selectedfrom a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₁ cycloalkylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a1to a3, a21 to a23, and a31 to a33 are each independently selected from0, 1, 2, and 3, Ar₁, Ar₂, and Ar₃ are each independently selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, c1 and c2 are eachindependently selected from 1, 2, and 3, X₆₁ is N or C(R₆₁), X₆₂ is N orC(R₆₂), X₆₃ is N or C(R₆₃), at least one selected from X₆₁ to X₆₃ is N,R₇₁ to R₈₀ are each independently selected from a group represented byFormula 3A, a group represented by Formula 3B, hydrogen, deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

at least one selected from R₇₁ to R₇₅ is a group represented by Formula3A, at least one selected from R₇₆ to R₈₀ is a group represented byFormula 3B, wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, 1A, and 2A to 2D, 3A, and 3B,X₈₅ is N or C(R₈₅), X₈₆ is N or C(R₈₆), X₈₇ is N or C(R₈₇), X₈₈ is N orC(R₈₈), at least one selected from X₈₅ and X₈₆ is N, at least oneselected from X₈₇ and X₈₈ is N, R₁, R₁₁ to R₂₀, R₂₁, R₃₁ to R₃₄, R₄₁ toR₄₃, R₆₁ to R₆₃, and R₈₁ to R₈₈ are each independently selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a thiol group (—SH), a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆), —N(Q₄)(Q₅),—B(Q₄)(Q₅), —C(═O)(Q₄), —S(═O)₂(Q₄), and —P(═O)(Q₄)(Q₅), at least twoselected from R₃₁ to R₃₄ in Formulae 2A and 2B are separate or are boundto each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclicgroup or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, atleast two selected from R₃₁ to R₃₄ and R₄₁ to R₄₃ in Formula 2C areseparate or are bound to each other to form a substituted orunsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, at least two selected from R₃₁, R₃₂, and R₄₁to R₄₃ in Formula 2D are separate or are bound to each other to form asubstituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, b1, b21, and b81 to b84 areeach independently selected from 1, 2, and 3, m1 and m21 are eachindependently an integer selected from 0 to 8, t1 and t2 are eachindependently an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3, and at least onesubstituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, substitutedC₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group,substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substituted C₁—C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substitutedC₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, substitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group is selected from: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, anda C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃),—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), wherein Q₁ to Q₆, Q₁₁to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features will be apparent to those of skill in the art by describing indetail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings inwhich:

FIGS. 1 to 5 illustrate schematic diagrams of an organic light-emittingdevice according to one or more embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied indifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey exemplary implementations to those skilled in the art.

In the drawing figures, the dimensions of layers and regions may beexaggerated for clarity of illustration. It will also be understood thatwhen a layer or element is referred to as being “on” another layer orsubstrate, it can be directly on the other layer or substrate, orintervening layers may also be present. Further, it will be understoodthat when a layer is referred to as being “under” another layer, it canbe directly under, and one or more intervening layers may also bepresent. In addition, it will also be understood that when a layer isreferred to as being “between” two layers, it can be the only layerbetween the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also bepresent. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “atleast one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire listof elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

An organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode; a secondelectrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer between thefirst electrode and the second electrode and including a first compound;and an electron transport region between the emission layer and thesecond electrode and including a second compound and a third compound.

The first compound may be represented by Formula 1. The second compoundmay be represented by Formula 2. The third compound may be representedby Formula 3.

In Formula 1, A₁ may be a monovalent group derived from or of a compoundrepresented by Formula 1A.

In Formula 1A, R₁₁ to R₂₀ may be the same as those described below inconnection therewith.

In some embodiments, A₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(5).

In Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(5), * indicates a binding site to an adjacentatom.

n1 in Formula 1 indicates the number of A₁(s), and n1 may be selectedfrom 1, 2, and 3. When n1 is 2 or greater, a plurality of A₁(s) may beidentical to or different from each other. In some embodiments, n1 inFormula 1 may be 1 or 2. In some embodiments, n1 in Formula 1 may be 1.

A₂ in Formula 2 may be a monovalent group derived from or of a compoundrepresented by one of Formulae 2A to 2D.

Y₁ in Formulae 2A to 2D may be N(R₄₁) or C(R₄₂)(R₄₃), and R₃₁ to R₃₄ andR₄₁ to R₄₃ may be the same as those described below in connectiontherewith.

In some embodiments, A₂ in Formula 2 may be a monovalent group derivedfrom or of a compound represented by one of Formulae 2-1-1 to 2-1-12,2-2-1 to 2-2-3, 2-3-1 to 2-3-9, and 2-4-1.

In Formulae 2-1-1 to 2-1-12, 2-2-1 to 2-2-3, 2-3-1 to 2-3-9, and 2-4-1,

Y₁ may be the same as described herein,

T₁ may be O or S,

X₁ may be N or C(R₅₁), X₂ may be N or C(R₅₂), X₃ may be N or C(R₅₃), X₄may be N or C(R₅₄), X₅ may be N or C(R₅₅), X₆ may be N or C(R₅₆), X₇ maybe N or C(R₅₇), X₈ may be N or C(R₅₈), X₉ may be N or C(R₅₉), and

R₃₁ to R₃₄ may be the same as those described below, and

R₅₁ to R₅₉ may each be the same as defined below in connection with R₂₁.

In some embodiments, A₂ in Formula 2 may be a monovalent group derivedfrom or of a represented by one of Formulae 2-1A to 2-1L, 2-2A to 2-2C,2-3A to 2-3P, and 2-4A to 2-4F.

In Formulae 2-1A to 2-1L, 2-2A to 2-2C, 2-3A to 2-3P, and 2-4A to 2-4F,R₃₁ to R₃₄ may be the same as those described below, and R₅₁ to R₅₉ maybe the same as described below in connection with R₂₁.

In some embodiments, A₂ in Formula 2 may be a group represented by oneof the following Formulae 2-1-7(1) to 2-1-7(4), 2-1-9(1) to 2-1-9(3),2-3-8(1) to 2-3-8(4), 2-3-9(1) to 2-3-9(3), and 2-4-1(1) to 2-4-1(3).

In Formulae 2-1-7(1) to 2-1-7(4), 2-1-9(1) to 2-1-9(3), 2-3-8(1) to2-3-8(4), 2-3-9(1) to 2-3-9(3), and 2-4-1(1) to 2-4-1(3), T₁ and X₁ toX₉ may be the same as those described above, and R₃₁ to R₃₄, R₅₅, andR₅₆ may be the same as those described below.

n2 in Formula 2 indicates the number of A₂(s), wherein n2 may beselected from 1, 2, and 3. When n2 is an integer of two or greater, aplurality of A₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other. Insome embodiments, n2 in Formula 2 may be 1 or 2. In some embodiments, n2in Formula 2 may be 1.

In Formulae 1, 2, and 3, L₁ to L₃, L₂₁ to L₂₃, and L₃₁ to L₃₃ may eachindependently be selected from or include, e.g., a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, L₁ to L₃ in Formulae 1, 2, and 3 may eachindependently be a group represented by one of the following Formulae3-1 to 3-6.

In some embodiments, L₂₁ to L₂₃ may each independently be a grouprepresented by one of the following Formulae 3-1 to 3-18.

In some embodiments, L₃₁ to L₃₃ may each independently be a grouprepresented by one of the following Formulae 3-1 to 3-3 and 3-7 to 3-18.

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-18,

Z₁ may be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ aikyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

d1 may be an integer selected from 1 to 4, d2 may be an integer selectedfrom 1 to 3, d3 may be an integer selected from 1 to 6, d5 may be aninteger selected from 1 and 2, and * and *′ each indicate a binding siteto an adjacent atom.

In some embodiments, L₁ to L₃ in Formulae 1, 2, and 3 may eachindependently be a group represented by one of the following Formulae4-1 to 4-6.

In some embodiments, L₂₁ to L₂₃ may each independently be a grouprepresented by one of the following Formulae 4-1 to 4-15.

In some embodiments, L₃₁ to L₃₃ may each independently be a grouprepresented by one of the following Formulae 4-1 to 4-3 and 4-7 to 4-15.

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-15, * and *′ each indicate a binding site to anadjacent atom.

In Formulae 1, 2, and 3, a1 to a3, a21 to a23, and a31 to a33 may eachindependently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. a1 in Formula 1 indicatesthe number of L₁(s). When a1 is 0, *-(L₁)_(a1)-*′ may be a single bond.When a1 is 2 or greater, a plurality of L₁(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other. Descriptions of a2, a21 to a23, and a31 toa33 may each independently be understood by referring to the descriptionof a1 and the corresponding structures of Formulae 1, 2, and 3.

In some embodiments, a1 to a3, a21 to a23, and a31 to a33 in Formulae 1,2, and 3 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, and 2. In someembodiments, a1 to a3, a21 to a23, and a31 to a33 in Formulae 1, 2, and3 may each independently be selected from 0 and 1.

Ar₁, Ar₂, and Ar₃ in Formulae 1, 2, and 3 may each independently beselected from or include, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, Ar₁, Ar₂, and Ar₃ in Formulae 1, 2, and 3 may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, athiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinylgroup; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, athiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, acycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, anindenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group,an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, athiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

In some embodiments, Ar₁, Ar₂, and Ar₃ in Formulae 1, 2, and 3 may eachindependently be, e.g., a group represented by one of the followingFormulae 5-1 to 5-7.

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-7,

Y₃₁ may be selected from O, S, C(Z₃₃)(Z₃₄), and N(Z₃₅),

Z₃₁ to Z₃₅ may each independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, and ahydrazono group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and acarbazolyl group,

e1 may be an integer selected from 1 to 5, e2 may be an integer selectedfrom 1 to 7, e3 may be an integer selected from 1 to 3, e4 may be aninteger selected from 1 to 4, and*indicates a binding site to anadjacent atom.

In some embodiments, Ar₁, Ar₂, and Ar₃ in Formulae 1, 2, and 3 may eachindependently be a group represented by one of the following Formulae6-1 to 6-13.

In Formulae 6-1 to 6-13, the term “Me” represents a methyl group,and*indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

c1 and c2 in Formulae 1 and 2 may each independently be selected from 1,2, and 3. c1 in Formula 1 indicates the number of Ar₁(s). When c1 is 2or greater, a plurality of Ar₁(s) may be identical to or different fromeach other. Description of c2 in Formula 2 may be understood byreferring to the description of c1 and the structure of Formula 2.

In Formula 3, X₆₁ may be N or C(R₆₁), X₆₂ may be N or C(R₆₂), X₆₃ may beN or C(R₆₃), and at least one selected from X₆₁ to X₆₃ may be N. R₆₁ toR₆₃ may be the same as those described below.

In some embodiments, X₆₁ to X₆₃ in Formula 3 may each be N.

R₇₁ to R₈₀ in Formula 3 may each independently be selected from orinclude, e.g., a group represented by Formula 3A, a group represented byFormula 3B, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂),—C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may be thesame as those described above.

In Formulae 3A and 3B, X₈₅ may be N or C(R₈₅), X₈₆ may be N or C(R₈₆),X₈₇ may be N or C(R₈₇), X₈₈ may be N or C(R₈₅), at least one selectedfrom X₈₈ and X₈₆ may be N, at least one selected from X₈₇ and X₈₈ may beN, and R₈₁ to R₈₈ and b₈₁ to b₈₄ may be the same as those describedbelow.

In some embodiments, R₇₁ to R₈₀ in Formula 3 may each independently beselected from:

a group represented by Formula 3A and a group represented by Formula 3B;

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthylgroup; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthylgroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In Formula 3, at least one selected from R₇₁ to R₇₅ may be a grouprepresented by Formula 3A, and at least one selected from R₇₆ to R₈₀ maybe a group represented by Formula 3B.

In some embodiments, in Formula 3, one selected from R₇₁ to R₇₅ may be agroup represented by Formula 3A, and one selected from R₇₆ to R₈₀ may bea group represented by Formula 3B.

In some embodiments, the group represented by Formula 3A and the grouprepresented by Formula 3B may each independently be a group representedby one of the following Formulae 8-1 to 8-30.

In Formulae 8-1 to 8-30, * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In Formulae 1, 2, 3, 1A, 2A to 2D, 3A, and 3B,

R₁, R₁₁ to R₂₀, R₂₁, R₃₁ to R₃₄, R₄₁ to R₄₃, R₆₁ to R₆₃, and R₈₁ to R₈₈may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a thiol group (—SH), a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆), —N(Q₄)(Q₅), —B(Q₄)(Q₅),—C(═O)(Q₄), —S(═O)₂(Q₄), and —P(═O)(Q₄)(Q₅), wherein Q₄ to Q₆ may be thesame as those described below.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 1, 2, 3, 1A, 3A, and 3B,

R₁, R₁₁ to R₂₀, R₂₁, R₆₁ to R₆₃, and R₈₁ to R₈₈ may each independentlybe selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzocarbazolyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃); and

—Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆),

wherein Q₄ to Q₆ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and anaphthyl group.

In some embodiments, R₁, R₁₁ to R₂₀, R₂₁, R₆₁ to R₆₃, and R₈₁ to R₈₈ inFormulae 1, 2, 3, 1A, 3A, and 3B may each independently be selectedfrom:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and a triphenylene group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group,each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a phenylgroup and a naphthyl group.

In an implementation, R₃₁ to R₃₄ and R⁴¹ to R₄₃ in Formulae 2A to 2D mayeach independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a thiol group (—SH), a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and a triphenylene group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and a triphenylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, and a phenyl group.

In an implementation, at least two of R₃₁ to R₃₄ in Formulae 2A and 2Bmay be separate or may be bound to each other to form a substituted orunsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group.

In an implementation, at least two of R₃₁ to R₃₄ and R⁴¹ to R⁴³ inFormula 2C may be separate or may be bound to each other to form asubstituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group.

In an implementation, at least two of R₃₁, R₃₂, and R⁴¹ to R₄₃ inFormula 2D may be separate or may be bound to each other to form asubstituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group.

In an implementation, b1, b21, and b81 to b84 in Formulae 1, 2, 3A, and3B may each independently be selected from 1, 2, and 3. b1 in Formula 1indicates the number of R₁(s). When b1 is 2 or greater, a plurality ofR₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other. Descriptions ofb21 and b81 to b84 may be understood by referring to the description ofb1 and the structures of Formulae 2, 3A, and 3B.

In some embodiments, b1, b21, and b81 to b84 in Formulae 1, 2, 3A, and3B may each independently be 1 or 2.

In an implementation, m1 and m21 in Formulae 1 and 2 may eachindependently be an integer selected from 0 to 8. m1 in Formula 1indicates the number of *-[(L₃)_(a3)-(R₁)_(b1)](s). When m1 is 2 orgreater, a plurality of *-[(L₃)_(a3)-(R₁)_(b1)]( ) may be identical toor different from each other. Description of m21 may be understood byreferring to the description of m1 and the structure of Formula 2.

In some embodiments, m1 and m21 in Formulae 1 and 2 may eachindependently be 0 or 1.

In an implementation, t1 and t21 in Formulae 1 and 2 may eachindependently be an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3. t1 in Formula 1indicates the number of *-[(L₂)_(a2)-(A₁)_(n1)](s). When t1 is 2 orgreater, a plurality of *-[(L₂)_(a2)-(A₁)_(n1)](S) may be identical toor different from each other. Description of t21 may be understood byreferring to the description of t1 and the structure of Formula 2.

In some embodiments, t1 and t21 in Formulae 1 and 2 may eachindependently be 1 or 2.

In an implementation, the first compound may be represented by Formula11.

In an implementation, the second compound may be represented by one ofFormulae 12-1 and 12-2.

In an implementation, the third compound may be represented by Formula13.

In Formulae 11, 12-1, 12-2, and 13,

L₁, L₂, L₂₁, L₂₂, L₃₁ to L₃₃, a1, a2, a21, a22, a31 to a33, Ar₁, Ar₂,Ar₃, c1, c2, A₁, A₂, n1, n2, R₁, R₂₁, b1, b21, X₆₁ to X₆₃, X₈₅ to X₈₈,R₇₁, R₇₃ to R₇₆, R₇₈ to R₈₀, and R₈₁ to R₈₄ may be the same as thosedescribed herein.

In one or more embodiments, the first compound may be represented by oneof Formulae 11-1 to 11-4.

In Formulae 11-1 to 11-4, L₁, L₂, a1, a2, Ar₁, c1, R₁, b1, and R₁₁ toR₂₀ may be the same as those described herein.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 11-1 to 11-4, Ar_(t) may be a grouprepresented by one of Formulae 6-1 to 6-13, and c1 may be 1.

In one or more embodiments, the second compound may be represented byone of Formulae 12-1A to 12-1Q and 12-2A to 12-2Q.

In Formulae 12-1A to 12-1Q and 12-2A to 12-2Q, L₂₁, L₂₂, a21, a22, X₁ toX₉, Ar₂, c2, R₂₁, R₃₁ to R₃₄, and b21 may be the same as those describedherein.

In one or more embodiments, the third compound may be represented by oneof Formulae 13-1 to 13-7.

In Formulae 13-1 to 13-7, Ar₃, R₇₄, and R₇₉ may be the same as thosedescribed herein.

In some embodiments, Ar₃ in Formulae 13-1 to 13-7 may be selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and atriphenylene group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group,each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group.

In an implementation, the and R₇₉ may each independently be selectedfrom:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group,a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group,a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, anitro group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and anisoquinolinyl group.

In an implementation, the first compound may be, e.g., one of thefollowing Compounds 1-1 to 1-95.

In an implementation, the second compound may be, e.g., one of thefollowing Compounds 2-1 to 2-13.

In an implementation, the third compound may be, e.g., one of thefollowing Compounds 3-1 to 3-12.

In Compound 3-3, the term “Me” represents a methyl group.

In the organic light-emitting device, the emission layer thereof mayinclude a first compound, and the electron transport region thereof mayinclude the second compound and the third compound. This may facilitatecontrol of balance of electrons and/or holes injected into ortransported to the emission layer and may help block leaking of chargestoward the electron transport region. Thus, the organic light-emittingdevice may have low driving voltage, improved efficiency, and longlifespan.

According to an embodiment, the electron transport region may include anelectron transport layer and a charge control layer between the electrontransport layer and the emission layer. The charge control layer mayinclude the second compound. The electron transport layer may includethe third compound.

In one or more embodiments, the charge control layer may directlycontact the emission layer.

Description of FIG. 1

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an organic light-emittingdevice 10 according to an embodiment. The organic light-emitting device10 may include a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a secondelectrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of an organic light-emitting device accordingto an embodiment and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emittingdevice, according to an embodiment, will be described in connection withFIG. 1.

First Electrode 110

In an implementation, a substrate may be additionally disposed under thefirst electrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate maybe a glass substrate or a plastic substrate, each having excellentmechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surfacesmoothness, ease of handling, and water-resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering amaterial for the first electrode 110 on the substrate. When the firstelectrode 110 is an anode, the material for the first electrode 110 maybe selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate holeinjection.

The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, asemi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the firstelectrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, a material for the firstelectrode 110 may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zincoxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combinationsthereof. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is asemi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, the material forthe first electrode 110 may be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver(Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca),magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and any combinationsthereof.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, thefirst electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.

Organic Layer 150

The organic layer 150 may be disposed on the first electrode 110. Theorganic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may include a hole transport region between thefirst electrode 110 and the emission layer, and an electron transportregion between the emission layer and the second electrode 190.

Hole Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

The hole transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The hole transport region may include at least one layer selected from ahole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliarylayer, and an electron blocking layer.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layeredstructure including a single layer including a plurality of differentmaterials, or a multi-layered structure having a structure of holeinjection layer/hole transport layer, hole injection layer/holetransport layer/emission auxiliary layer, hole injection layer/emissionauxiliary layer, hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer, or holeinjection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer, whereinlayers of each structure are sequentially stacked on the first electrode110 in each stated order.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected fromm-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB(NPD), (3-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB,methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine(TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), PEDOT/PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate)),polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA),polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound representedby Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202.

In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₄ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

L₂₀₅ may be selected from *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q₂₀₁)-*′, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

xa5 may be an integer selected from 1 to 10, and

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independently be selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, in Formula 202, R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may optionally bebound via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or adiphenyl-methylene group, and R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may optionally be bound viaa single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylenegroup.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and apyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and apyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each be independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xa1 to xa4 may each independently be 0, 1,or 2.

According to another embodiment, xa5 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

According to some embodiments, R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may eachindependently be selected from a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, acarbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranylgroup, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, anisoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may be the same as those described above.

According to some embodiments, at least one selected from R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₃in Formula 201 may be selected from:

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, and a dibenzothiophenyl group.

According to some embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may bebound via a single bond, and/or ii) R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may be bound via asingle bond.

According to some embodiments, at least one selected from R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄in Formula 202 may be selected from:

a carbazolyl group; and

a carbazolyl group substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, acarbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group.

The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula201A.

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may berepresented by Formula 201A(1).

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may berepresented by Formula 201A-1.

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may berepresented by Formula 202A.

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may berepresented by Formula 202A-1.

In Formulae 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ may be the same as thosedescribed herein,

R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may each be the same as described herein in connectionwith R₂₀₃, and

R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group.

In an implementation, the hole transport region may include at least oneof the following Compounds HT1 to HT39.

The thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. Whenthe hole transport region includes at least one selected from a holeinjection layer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the holeinjection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, andin some embodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness ofthe hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000Å, and in some embodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When thethicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, andthe hole transport layer are within any of these ranges, satisfactoryhole transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantialincrease in driving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may increase the light-emission efficiencyby compensating for an optical resonance distance depending on thewavelength of light emitted by an emission layer, and the electronblocking layer may block or reduce the flow of electrons from anelectron transport region. The emission auxiliary layer and the electronblocking layer may include the materials as described above.

p-Dopant

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to thesematerials, a charge-generation material for the improvement ofconductive properties. The charge-generation material may behomogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transportregion.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

In one embodiment, the p-dopant may have a lowest unoccupied molecularorbital (LUMO) level of −3.5 eV or less.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinonederivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound.

In some embodiments, the p-dopant may include at least one selectedfrom:

a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ);

a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide;

1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and

a compound represented by Formula 221 below.

In Formula 221,

R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, provided that at leastone selected from R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may include at least one substituentselected from a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupsubstituted with —F, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group substituted with —Br, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substitutedwith —I.

Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organiclight-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a redemission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer,according to a sub-pixel. In one or more embodiments, the emission layermay have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from a redemission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer,wherein the two or more layers contact each other or are separated fromeach other. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may includetwo or more materials selected from a red-light emission material, agreen-light emission material, and a blue-light emission material,wherein the two or more materials are mixed together in a single layerto emit white light.

In one embodiment, the emission layer of the organic light-emittingdevice 10 may be a first-color-light emission layer.

In an implementation, the organic light-emitting device 10 may furtherinclude i) at least one second-color-light emission layer or ii) atleast one second-color-light emission layer and at least onethird-color-light emission layer, between the first electrode 110 andthe second electrode 190.

A maximum emission wavelength of the first-color-light emission layer, amaximum emission wavelength of the second-color-light emission layer,and a maximum emission wavelength of the third-color-light emissionlayer are identical to or different from each other.

The organic light-emitting device 10 may emit mixed light includingfirst-color-light and second-color-light, or mixed light includingfirst-color-light, second-color-light, and third-color-light.

For example, the maximum emission wavelength of the first-color-lightemission layer may be different from a maximum emission wavelength ofthe second-color-light emission layer, and the mixed light includingfirst-color-light and second-color-light may be white light.

In one or more embodiments, the maximum emission wavelength of thefirst-color-light emission layer, the maximum emission wavelength of thesecond-color-light emission layer, and the maximum emission wavelengthof the third-color-light emission layer may be different from oneanother, and the mixed light including first-color-light,second-color-light, and third-color-light may be white light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant mayinclude at least one selected from a phosphorescent dopant and afluorescent dopant.

The amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be in a range ofabout 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, based on 100parts by weight of the host.

The thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. Whenthe thickness of the emission layer is within these ranges, excellentlight-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantialincrease in driving voltage.

Host in Emission Layer

In an implementation, the emission layer may include the first compoundas a host. The first compound may be the same as described above, e.g.,the compound represented by Formula 1.

Phosphorescent Dopant Included in Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150

In an implementation, the phosphorescent dopant may include anorganometallic complex represented by Formula 401.

M(L₄₀₁)_(xc1)(L₄₀₂)_(xc2)  Formula 401

In Formulae 401 and 402,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd),osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu),terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm),

L₄₀₁ may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 402, and xc1may be 1, 2, or 3; when xc1 is 2 or greater, a plurality of L₄₀₁(s) maybe identical to or different from each other,

L₄₀₂ may be an organic ligand, and xc2 may be an integer selected from 0to 4; when xc2 is 2 or greater, a plurality of L₄₀₂(s) may be identicalto or different from each other,

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₃ are bound via a single bond or a double bond; X₄₀₂ andX₄₀₄ are bound via a single bond or a double bond,

A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may each independently be a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or aC₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

X₄₀₅ may be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₁)-*′,*—C(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)=C(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)=* or*═C(Q₄₁₁)=^(*′,) wherein Q₄₁₁ and Q₄₁₂ may each independently behydrogen, deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group,

X₄₀₆ may be a single bond, O, or S,

R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃), —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),—B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),wherein Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₂₀heteroaryl group,

xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to10, and

* and *′ in Formula 402 may each independently indicate a binding siteto M in Formula 401.

According to an embodiment, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ in Formula 402 may eachindependently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, afluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrolegroup, a thiophene group, a furan group, an imidazole group, a pyrazolegroup, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, anisoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group,a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, abenzoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, acarbazole group, a benzoimidazole group, a benzofuran group, abenzothiophene group, an isobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group,an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, anoxadiazole group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran group, and adibenzothiophene group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, i) X₄₀₁ may be nitrogen, andX₄₀₂ may be carbon, or ii) X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₂ may both be nitrogen.

According to some embodiments, R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ in Formula 402 may eachindependently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyclopentyl group,a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornanyl group, and anorbornenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornanylgroup, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and adibenzothiophenyl group; and

—Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃), —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),

wherein Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group,and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in Formula 401 is 2 or greater, twoA₄₀₁(S) of a plurality of L₄₀₁(s) may optionally be bound via X₄₀₇ as alinking group, and two A₄₀₂(s) may optionally be bound via X₄₀₈ as alinking group (see Compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7). X₄₀₇ and X₄₀₈ may eachindependently be selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′,*—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₃)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)-*′, and *—C(Q₄₁₃)=C(Q₄₁₄)-*′,wherein Q₄₁₃ and Q₄₁₄ may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

L₄₀₂ in Formula 401 may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organicligand. For example, L₄₀₂ may be selected from halogen, diketone (forexample, acetylacetonate), carboxylic acid (for example, picolinate),—C(═O), isonitrile, —CN, and phosphorus (for example, phosphine orphosphite).

In one or more embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may be, e.g., oneof Compounds PD1 to PD25.

Fluorescent Dopant in Emission Layer

In an implementation, the emission layer may further include afluorescent dopant, in addition to the first compound.

The fluorescent dopant may include an arylamine compound or astyrylamine compound.

The fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula501.

In Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁ may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xd1 to xd3 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,and

xd4 may be an integer selected from 1 to 6.

In some embodiments, Arso₅₀₁ in Formula 501 may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrenegroup; and

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ in Formula 501 may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

According to some embodiments, R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₁ in Formula 502 may be eachindependently selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 may be 2.

In some embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be, e.g., one of thefollowing Compounds FD1 to FD22.

In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be selected fromthe following compounds.

Electron Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

In an implementation, the electron transport region may have i) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a singlematerial, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layerincluding a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layeredstructure having a plurality of layers including a plurality ofdifferent materials.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from acharge control layer, a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electroncontrol layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injectionlayer.

The charge control layer may help prevent electrons from beingexcessively rapidly injected into the emission layer and control themigration speed of electrons, thus improving the efficiency of theorganic light-emitting device 10. In addition, the charge control layermay help suppress holes from migrating toward the electron transportlayer, thus improving the lifespan of the organic light-emitting device10.

In an implementation, the electron transport region may have a chargecontrol layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layerstructure, a charge control layer/hole blocking layer/electron transportlayer/electron injection layer structure, a charge controllayer/electron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injectionlayer structure, or a charge control layer/buffer layer/electrontransport layer/electron injection layer structure, wherein layers ofeach structure are sequentially stacked on the emission layer in eachstated order.

The electron transport region may include the second compound and thethird compound. Descriptions of the second compound and the thirdcompound may be the same as those described above.

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include anelectron transport layer and a charge control layer between the electrontransport layer and the emission layer, wherein the emission layer mayinclude the first compound, the charge control layer may include thesecond compound, and the electron transport layer may include the thirdcompound.

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include anelectron transport layer and a charge control layer disposed between theelectron transport layer and the emission layer, wherein the emissionlayer may include the first compound, the charge control layer mayinclude the second compound, the electron transport layer may includethe third compound, and the charge control layer may directly contactthe emission layer.

The thicknesses of the charge control layer, the buffer layer, the holeblocking layer, or the electron control layer may each independently bein a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments,about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the charge controllayer, the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer or the electron controllayer are within any of these ranges, excellent hole blockingcharacteristics or excellent electron controlling characteristics may beobtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The thickness of the charge control layer may be in a range of about 20Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 30 Å to about 300 Å.When the thickness of charge control layer is within these ranges,excellent hole blocking characteristics may be obtained without asubstantial increase in driving voltage.

The thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 150 Å to about500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is withinthese ranges, the electron transport layer may have satisfactoryelectron transport characteristics without a substantial increase indriving voltage.

In an implementation, the electron transport region (e.g., the electrontransport layer in the electron transport region) may further include,in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containingmaterial.

The metal-containing material may include at least one selected from analkali metal complex and an alkaline earth-metal complex. The alkalimetal complex may include a metal ion selected from an Li ion, a Na ion,a K ion, a Rb ion, and a Cs ion. The alkaline earth metal complex mayinclude a metal ion selected from a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, an Srion, and a Ba ion. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkalimetal complex or the alkaline earth-metal complex may be selected from ahydroxy quinoline, a hydroxy isoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, ahydroxy acridine, a hydroxy phenanthridine, a hydroxy phenyl oxazole, ahydroxy phenyl thiazole, a hydroxy diphenyl oxadiazole, ahydroxydiphenyl thiadiazol, a hydroxy phenyl pyridine, a hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxy phenyl benzothiazole, a bipyridine, aphenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene.

In some embodiments, the metal-containing material may include a Licomplex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1(lithium quinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2:

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layerthat facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode190. The electron injection layer may directly contact the secondelectrode 190.

In an implementation, the electron injection layer may have i) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a singlematerial, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layerincluding a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layeredstructure having a plurality of layers including a plurality ofdifferent materials.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkalineearth-metal, a rare-earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkalineearth-metal compound, a rare-earth metal compound, an alkali metalcomplex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare-earth metal complex, ora combination thereof.

The alkali metal may be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In oneembodiment, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or moreembodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs.

The alkaline earth-metal may be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

The rare-earth metal may be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Yb, Gd, and Tb.

The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth-metal compound, and therare-earth metal compound may be selected from oxides and halides (e.g.,fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodines) of the alkali metal, thealkaline earth-metal, and the rare-earth metal.

The alkaline metal compound may be selected from alkaline metal oxides,such as Li₂O, Cs₂O, or K₂O, and alkaline metal halides, such as LiF,NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, or RbI. In one embodiment, the alkalimetal compound may be selected from LiF, Li₂O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, andKI.

The alkaline earth-metal compound may be selected from alkalineearth-metal compounds, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba_(x)Sr_(1-x)O (wherein0<x<1), or Ba_(x)Ca_(1-x)O (wherein 0<x<1). In one embodiment, thealkaline earth-metal compound may be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO.

The rare-earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, ScO₃,Y₂O₃, Ce₂O₃, GdF₃, and TbF₃. In one embodiment, the rare-earth metalcompound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, TbF₃, YbI₃, ScI₃, and TbI₃.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and therare-earth metal complex may include an alkali metal ion, and alkalineearth-metal ion, and a rare-earth metal ion, respectively, as describedabove, and each ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkalimetal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare-earthmetal complex may independently be selected from a hydroxyquinoline, ahydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, ahydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl oxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl thiadiazole, ahydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, and a phenanthroline, and acyclopentadiene.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkalineearth-metal, a rare-earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkalineearth-metal compound, a rare-earth metal compound, an alkali metalcomplex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, an rare-earth metal complex,or a combination thereof, as described above. In one or moreembodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organicmaterial. When the electron injection layer further includes an organicmaterial; an alkali metal, an alkaline earth-metal, a rare-earth metal,an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare-earthmetal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metalcomplex, a rare-earth metal complex, or a combination thereof may behomogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including theorganic material.

The thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about1 Å to about 100 Å, and in some embodiments, about 3 Å to about 90 Å.When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within theseranges, the electron injection layer may have satisfactory electroninjection characteristics without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

Second Electrode 190

The second electrode 190 may be disposed on the organic layer 150. Thesecond electrode 190 may be a cathode which is an electron injectionelectrode, and in this regard, the material for the second electrode 190may be selected from a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductivecompound, and a mixture thereof, which may have a relatively low workfunction.

The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from lithium(Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium(Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver(Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO. The second electrode 190 may be a transmissiveelectrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The second electrode 190 may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers.

Description of FIGS. 2 to 4

An organic light-emitting device 20 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes afirst capping layer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150,and a second electrode 190 which are sequentially stacked in this statedorder. An organic light-emitting device 30 illustrated in FIG. 3includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, a second electrode190, and a second capping layer 220 which are sequentially stacked inthis stated order. An organic light-emitting device 40 illustrated inFIG. 4 includes a first capping layer 210, a first electrode 110, anorganic layer 150, a second electrode 190, and a second capping layer220.

Regarding FIGS. 2 to 4, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150,and the second electrode 190 may each independently be the same as thosedescribed herein in connection with FIG. 1.

In the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light-emitting devices20 and 40, light generated in the emission layer may pass through thefirst electrode 110, which is a semi-transmissive electrode or atransmissive electrode, and the first capping layer 210 toward theoutside, and in the organic layer 150 of each of the organiclight-emitting devices 30 and 40, light generated in the emission layermay pass through the second electrode 190, which is a semi-transmissiveelectrode or a transmissive electrode, and the second capping layer 220toward the outside.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 mayincrease external luminescent efficiency, based on the principle ofconstructive interference.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may eachindependently be an organic capping layer including an organic material,an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or acomposite capping layer including an organic material and an inorganicmaterial.

At least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the secondcapping layer 220 may include at least one material selected fromcarbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, amine-based compounds,porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyaninederivatives, alkali metal-based complexes, and alkalineearth-metal-based complexes. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocycliccompound, and the amine-based compound may optionally be substitutedwith a substituent containing at least one element selected from O, N,S, selenium (Se), silicon (Si), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine(Br), and iodine (I). In one embodiment, at least one selected from thefirst capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may include anamine-based compound.

In one embodiment, at least one selected from the first capping layer210 and the second capping layer 220 may include the compoundrepresented by Formula 201 or the compound represented by Formula 202.

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first cappinglayer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may include a compoundselected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and Compounds CP1 to CP5.

FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of an organic light-emittingdevice 11 according to an embodiment. The organic light-emitting device11 may include a first electrode 110, a hole transport layer 151, anemission layer 153, a charge control layer 155, an electron transportlayer 157, an electron injection layer 159, and a second electrode 190,which are sequentially stacked in this stated order. Descriptions of thelayers of the organic light-emitting device 11 of FIG. 5 may beunderstood by referring to the descriptions corresponding theretoprovided above.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting devices 10 and 11 according toone or more embodiment have been described in connection with FIGS. 1 to5.

The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer,and the layers constituting the electron transport region may be formedin a specific region using one or more suitable methods selected fromvacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)deposition, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and laser-induced thermalimaging (LITI).

When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emissionlayer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region areeach formed by vacuum deposition, the vacuum deposition may beperformed, for example, at a deposition temperature of about 100° C. toabout 500° C., at a vacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸ torr to about 10⁻³ torr,and at a deposition rate of about 0.01 Angstroms per second (Å/sec) toabout 100 Å/sec, depending on the compound to be included in each layerand the structure of each layer to be formed.

When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emissionlayer, the and the layers constituting the electron transport region areformed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed, for example,at a coating rate of about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about5,000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature of about 80° C. to 200°C., depending on the compound to be included in each layer and thestructure of each layer to be formed.

General Definitions of Substituents

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear orbranched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60carbon atoms. Examples thereof may include a methyl group, an ethylgroup, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, atert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group.The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalentgroup having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbongroup having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or atthe terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group. Examples thereof may include anethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having thesame structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbongroup having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or atthe terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group. Examples thereof may include anethynyl group and a propynyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group”as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure asthe C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalentgroup represented by —OA₁₀₁ (wherein A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group).Examples thereof may include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and anisopropyloxy group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalentsaturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.Examples thereof may include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term“C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent grouphaving the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group” used herein refers to amonovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatomselected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10carbon atoms. Examples thereof may include a 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinylgroup, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. Theterm “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to adivalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at leastone carbon-carbon double bond in its ring and is not aromatic. Examplesthereof may include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and acycloheptenyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group” as usedherein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms,and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Examples of theC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group may include a4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, anda 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylenegroup” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the samestructure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent groupthat has an aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. The term“C₆-C₆₀ arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group thathas an aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of theC₆-C₆₀ aryl group may include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, ananthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and achrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene groupeach include two or more rings, the rings may be fused.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalentgroup having an aromatic system that has at least one heteroatomselected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, in addition to1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group” as usedherein refers to a divalent group having an aromatic system that has atleast one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-formingatom, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group may include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group andthe C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the ringsmay be fused.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group” as used herein refers to —OA₁₀₂ (whereinA₁₀₂ is a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group). The term “C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group” as usedherein refers to —SA₁₀₃ (wherein A₁₀₃ is a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as usedherein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensedwith each other and only carbon atoms (e.g., 8 to 60 carbon atoms) asring-forming atoms, wherein the entire molecular structure isnon-aromatic. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group may include a fluorenyl group. The term “divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to adivalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” asused herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more ringscondensed with each other, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O,Si, P, and S, in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms),as ring-forming atoms, wherein the entire molecular structure isnon-aromatic. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group may include a carbazolyl group. The term“divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used hereinrefers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to amonocyclic or polycyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms as the onlyring-forming atoms. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group may be an aromaticcarbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. The term “C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group” may be a ring, such as a benzene, a monovalent group,such as a phenyl group, or a divalent group, such as a phenylene group.In one or more embodiments, depending on the number of substituentsconnected to the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic groupmay be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a grouphaving substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,except that as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S may be used in addition to carbon (e.g., 1 to 60carbon atoms).

In the present specification, at least one of substituents of thesubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclicgroup, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group,substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, substituteddivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, andsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group maybe selected from:

deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, anda C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

The term “Ph” as used herein represents a phenyl group, the term “Me” asused herein represents a methyl group, the term “Et” as used hereinrepresents ethyl group, the term “ter-Bu” or “Bu^(t)” as used hereinrepresents a tert-butyl group, and the term “OMe” as used hereinrepresents a methoxy group.

The term “biphenyl group” as used therein refers to a phenyl groupsubstituted with a phenyl group. In other words, a “biphenyl group” is asubstituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group as a substituent.

The term “terphenyl group” as used herein refers to a phenyl groupsubstituted with a biphenyl group. In other words, a “terphenyl group”is a substituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substitutedwith a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group as a substituent.

* and *′ as used herein, unless defined otherwise, each indicate abinding site to an adjacent atom in the corresponding formula.

As used herein, when describing a group of a compound, the group isderived from the compound such that at least one atom of the compound isreplaced with at least one bond such that the group is a moiety bondedto another group or moiety.

Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device, accordingto one or more embodiments, will be described in detail with referenceto Examples.

The following Examples and Comparative Examples are provided in order tohighlight characteristics of one or more embodiments, but it will beunderstood that the Examples and Comparative Examples are not to beconstrued as limiting the scope of the embodiments, nor are theComparative Examples to be construed as being outside the scope of theembodiments. Further, it will be understood that the embodiments are notlimited to the particular details described in the Examples andComparative Examples.

Example 1

For a substrate and an anode, an ITO (70 Å)/Ag (1,000 Å)/ITO (70 Å)substrate (a product of Corning Co., Ltd) was cut to a size of 50millimeters (mm)×50 mm×0.7 mm, sonicated by using isopropyl alcohol andpure water each for 30 minutes, and cleaned by exposure to ozone for 10minutes, and then mounted on a vacuum deposition device.

HT3 was vacuum-deposited on the ITO anode to form a hole injection andtransport layer having a thickness of 1,400 Å.

Compound 1-58 (as a host) and Compound FD7 (as a dopant) wereco-deposited on the hole injection and transport layer at a weight ratioof 200:3 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 200 Å.

Compound 2-1 was vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form a chargecontrol layer having a thickness of 50 Å, Compound 3-1 and LiQ wereco-deposited on the charge control layer at a weight ratio of 50:50 toform an electron transport layer having a thickness of 310 Å, LiQ wasdeposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injectionlayer having a thickness of 5 Å, and MgAg was vacuum-deposited on theelectron injection layer to form a second electrode (cathode) having athickness of 110 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organiclight-emitting device.

Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that compounds shown in Table 1 were used to formthe emission layer, the charge control layer, and the electron transportlayer.

Evaluation Example 1

The driving voltage, efficiency, and lifespan (T₉₅) of the organiclight-emitting devices manufactured in Examples 1 to 9 and ComparativeExamples 1 to 5 were measured by using a Keithley 236 source-measureunit (SMU) and a PR650 luminance meter. The results thereof are shown inTable 1. The lifespan (T₉₅) refers to time required for the initialluminance of the organic light-emitting device to reduce by 95%.

TABLE 1 Charge Electron Half lifespan control transport Driving(T₉₅)(hr) Emission layer layer voltage Efficiency (@600 layer hostmaterial material (V) (cd/A) cd/m²) Example 1 Compound 1-58 Compound2-1  Compound 3-1  3.3 6.0 245 Example 2 Compound 1-58 Compound 2-6 Compound 3-8  3.4 5.5 277 Example 3 Compound 1-58 Compound 2-13 Compound3-12 33 5.7 346 Example 4 Compound 1-60 Compound 2-1  Compound 3-1  325.4 330 Example 5 Compound 1-60 Compound 2-6  Compound 3-8  3.5 5.7 210Example 6 Compound 1-60 Compound 2-13 Compound 3-12 3.3 6.3 291 Example7 Compound 1-75 Compound 2-1  Compound 3-1  3.3 5.9 301 Example 8Compound 1-75 Compound 2-6  Compound 3-8  3.6 5.8 377 Example 9 Compound1-75 Compound 2-13 Compound 3-12 3.4 6.6 345 Comparative β-ADN — Alq35.1 2.7 49 Example 1 Compararive β-ADN β-ADN Compound 3.1  4.5 3.3 70Example 2 Comparative β-ADN Compound 2-1  Compound 3-1  4.4 3.9 112Example 3 Comparative Compound 1-58 — Compound 3-1  3.7 4.2 140 Example4 Comparative Compound 1-58 Compound 3-1  Alq3 3.5 4.3 70 Example 5

Referring to the results of Table 1, the organic light-emitting devicesof Examples 1 to 9 exhibited low driving voltages, high efficiency, andlong lifespan, as compared with the organic light-emitting devices ofComparative Examples 1 to 5.

As described above, the organic light-emitting device may have alow-driving voltage, improved efficiency, and long lifespan.

The embodiments may provide an organic light-emitting device having alow driving voltage, improved efficiency, and long lifespan.

Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specificterms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In someinstances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art asof the filing of the present application, features, characteristics,and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment maybe used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/orelements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwisespecifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those ofskill in the art that various changes in form and details may be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention asset forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light emitting device, comprising: afirst electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; anemission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, theemission layer including a first compound; and an electron transportregion between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electrontransport region including a second compound and a third compound,wherein: the first compound is represented by Formula 1, the secondcompound is represented by Formula 2, and the third compound isrepresented by Formula 3,

wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, A₁ is selected from a monovalent groupderived from a compound represented by Formula 1A,

A₂ is selected from a monovalent group derived from compoundsrepresented by Formulae 2A to 2D,

wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, 1A, and 2A to 2D, Y₁ is N(R₄₁) orC(R₄₂)(R₄₃), n1 and n2 are each independently selected from 1, 2, and 3,L₁ to L₃, L₂₁ to L₂₃, and L₃₁ to L₃₃ are each independently selectedfrom a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a1to a3, a21 to a23, and a31 to a33 are each independently selected from0, 1, 2, and 3, Ar₁, Ar₂, and Ar₃ are each independently selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, c1 and c2 are eachindependently selected from 1, 2, and 3, X₆₁ is N or C(R₆₁), X₆₂ is N orC(R₆₂), X₆₃ is N or C(R₆₃), at least one selected from X₆₁ to X₆₃ is N,R₇₁ to R₈₀ are each independently selected from a group represented byFormula 3A, a group represented by Formula 3B, hydrogen, deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

at least one selected from R₇₁ to R₇₅ is a group represented by Formula3A, at least one selected from R₇₆ to R₈₀ is a group represented byFormula 3B, wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, 1A, and 2A to 2D, 3A, and 3B,X₈₅ is N or C(R₈₅), X₈₆ is N or C(R₈₆), X₈₇ is N or C(R₈₇), X₈₈ is N orC(R₈₈), at least one selected from X₈₅ and X₈₆ is N, at least oneselected from X₈₇ and X₈₈ is N, R₁, R₁₁ to R₂₀, R₂₁, R₃₁ to R₃₄, R₄₁ toR₄₃, R₆₁ to R₆₃, and R₈₁ to R₈₈ are each independently selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a thiol group (—SH), a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₄)(Q₅)(Q₆), —N(Q₄)(Q₅),—B(Q₄)(Q₅), —C(═O)(Q₄), —S(═O)₂(Q₄), and —P(═O)(Q₄)(Q₅), at least twoselected from R₃₁ to R₃₄ in Formulae 2A and 2B are separate or are boundto each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclicgroup or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, atleast two selected from R₃₁ to R₃₄ and R₄₁ to R₄₃ in Formula 2C areseparate or are bound to each other to form a substituted orunsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, at least two selected from R₃₁, R₃₂, and R₄₁to R₄₃ in Formula 2D are separate or are bound to each other to form asubstituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, b1, b21, and b81 to b84 areeach independently selected from 1, 2, and 3, m1 and m21 are eachindependently an integer selected from 0 to 8, t1 and t2 are eachindependently an integer selected from 1, 2, and 3, and at least onesubstituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, substitutedC₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group,substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substitutedC₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, substitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group is selected from: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, anda C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃),—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), wherein Q₁ to Q₆, Q₁₁to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.
 2. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 1, wherein A₁ is a group represented by one of thefollowing Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(5):

wherein, in Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(5), R₁₁ to R₂₀ are defined the sameas those of Formula 1, and * indicates a binding site to an adjacentatom.
 3. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1,wherein A₂ is a monovalent group of a compound represented by one of thefollowing Formulae 2-1-1 to 2-1-12, 2-2-1 to 2-2-3, 2-3-1 to 2-3-9, and2-4-1:

wherein, in Formulae 2-1-1 to 2-1-12, 2-2-1 to 2-2-3, 2-3-1 to 2-3-9,and 2-4-1, R₃₁ to R₃₄, R₄₁ to R₄₃, and Y₁ are defined the same as thoseof Formula 2, T₁ is O or S, X₁ is N or C(R₅₁), X₂ is N or C(R₅₂), X₃ isN or C(R₅₃), X₄ is N or C(R₅₄), X₅ is N or C(R₅₅), X₆ is N or C(R₅₆), X₇is N or C(R₅₇), X₈ is N or C(R₅₈), X₉ is N or C(R₅₉), and R₅₁ to R₅₉ areeach defined the same as R₂₁.
 4. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 3, wherein A₂ is a monovalent group of a compoundrepresented by one of the following Formulae 2-1A to 2-1L, 2-2A to 2-2C,2-3A to 2-3P, and 2-4A to 2-4F:

wherein, in Formulae 2-1A to 2-1L, 2-2A to 2-2C, 2-3A to 2-3P, and 2-4Ato 2-4F, R₃₁ to R₃₄ and R₅₁ to R₅₉ are defined the same as those ofFormulae 2-1-1 to 2-1-12, 2-2-1 to 2-2-3, 2-3-1 to 2-3-9, and 2-4-1. 5.The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 3, wherein A₂ is agroup represented by one of the following Formulae 2-1-7(1) to 2-1-7(4),2-1-9(1) to 2-1-9(3), 2-3-8(1) to 2-3-8(4), 2-3-9(1) to 2-3-9(3), and2-4-1(1) to 2-4-1(3):

wherein, in Formulae 2-1-7(1) to 2-1-7(4), 2-1-9(1) to 2-1-9(3),2-3-8(1) to 2-3-8(4), 2-3-9(1) to 2-3-9(3), and 2-4-1(1) to 2-4-1(3),T₁, X₁ to X₉, R₃₁ to R₃₄, R₅₅, and R₅₆ are defined the same as those ofFormulae 2-1-1 to 2-1-12, 2-2-1 to 2-2-3, 2-3-1 to 2-3-9, and 2-4-1,and * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.
 6. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein L₁ to L₃ are eachindependently a group represented by one of the following Formulae 3-1to 3-6, L₂₁ to L₂₃ are each independently a group represented by one ofthe following Formulae 3-1 to 3-18, and L₃₁ to L₃₃ are eachindependently a group represented by one of the following Formulae 3-1to 3-3 and 3-7 to 3-18,

wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-18, Z₁ is selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), in which Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group, d1 is an integer selected from 1 to 4, d2is an integer selected from 1 to 3, d3 is an integer selected from 1 to6, d5 is an integer selected from 1 and 2, and * and *′ each indicate abinding site to an adjacent atom.
 7. The organic light-emitting deviceas claimed in claim 1, wherein: L₁ to L₃ are each independently a grouprepresented by one of the following Formulae 4-1 to 4-6, L₂₁ to L₂₃ areeach independently a group represented by one of the following Formulae4-1 to 4-15, and L₃₁ to L₃₃ are each independently a group representedby one of the following Formulae 4-1 to 4-3 and 4-7 to 4-15:

wherein, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-15, * and *′ each indicate a binding siteto an adjacent atom.
 8. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 1, wherein Ar₁, Ar₂, and Ar₃ are each independently selected from:a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, athiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinylgroup; and a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, apentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group,a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, abenzothiazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group,an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinylgroup, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at leastone selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group,a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, abenzothiazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group,an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinylgroup, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), wherein Q₃₁to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.
 9. Theorganic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar₁, Ar₂,and Ar₃ are each independently a group represented by one of thefollowing Formulae 5-1 to 5-7:

wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-7, Y₃₁ is selected from O, S, C(Z₃₃)(Z₃₄),and N(Z₃₅), Z₃₁ to Z₃₅ are each independently selected from: hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, and a hydrazono group; aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; a phenyl group, a biphenyl group,a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and acarbazolyl group, e1 is an integer selected from 1 to 5, e2 is aninteger selected from 1 to 7, e3 is an integer selected from 1 to 3, e4is an integer selected from 1 to 4, and * indicates a binding site to anadjacent atom.
 10. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim1, wherein R₇₁ to R₈₀ are each independently selected from: a grouprepresented by Formula 3A and a group represented by Formula 3B;hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and anaphthyl group.
 11. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 1, wherein the group represented by Formula 3A and the grouprepresented by Formula 3B are each independently a group represented byone of the following Formulae 8-1 to 8-30:

wherein, in Formulae 8-1 to 8-30, * indicates a binding site to anadjacent atom.
 12. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim1, wherein R₁, R₁₁ to R₂₀, R₂₁, R₆₁ to R₆₃, and R₈₁ to R₈₈ are eachindependently selected from: hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group; a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and atriphenylene group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are eachindependently selected from a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
 13. Theorganic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₃₁ to R₃₄and R₄₁ to R₄₃ are each independently selected from: hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a thiol group, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group; a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, and a triphenylene group; and a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, and a triphenylene group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group,and a phenyl group.
 14. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 1, wherein: the first compound is represented by Formula 11, thesecond compound is represented by one of Formulae 12-1 and 12-2, and thethird compound is represented by Formula 13,

wherein, in Formulae 11, 12-1, 12-2, and 13, L₁, L₂, L₂₁, L₂₂, L₃₁ toL₃₃, a1, a2, a21, a22, a31 to a33, Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, c1, c2, A₁, A₂, n1,n2, R₁, R₂₁, b1, b21, X₆₁ to X₆₃, X₈₅ to X₈₈, R₇₁, R₇₃ to R₇₆, R₇₈ toR₈₀, and R₈₁ to R₈₄ are defined the same as those of Formulae 1-3. 15.The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein thefirst compound is represented by one of Formulae 11-1 to 11-4:

wherein, in Formulae 11-1 to 11-4, L₁, L₂, a1, a2, Ar₁, c1, R₁, b1, andR₁₁ to R₂₀ are defined the same as those of Formula
 1. 16. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second compoundis represented by one of Formulae 12-1A to 12-1Q and 12-2A to 12-2Q:

wherein, in Formulae 12-1A to 12-1Q and 12-2A to 12-2Q, L₂₁, L₂₂, a21,a22, Ar₂, c2, R₂₁, R₃₁ to R₃₄, and b21 are defined the same as those ofFormula 2, X₁ is N or C(R₅₁), X₂ is N or C(R₅₂), X₃ is N or C(R₅₃), X₄is N or C(R₅₄), X₅ is N or C(R₅₅), X₆ is N or C(R₅₆), X₇ is N or C(R₅₇),X₈ is N or C(R₅₈), X₉ is N or C(R₅₉), and R₅₁ to R₅₉ are each definedthe same as R₂₁ of Formula
 2. 17. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the third compound is represented by one ofFormulae 13-1 to 13-7:

wherein, in Formulae 13-1 to 13-7, Ar₃, R₇₄, and R₇₉ are defined thesame as those of Formula
 3. 18. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the first compound is selected fromCompounds 1-1 to 1-95, the second compound is selected from Compounds2-1 to 2-13, and the third compound is selected from Compounds 3-1 to3-12,

wherein, in the compounds above, Me represents a methyl group.
 19. Theorganic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein theelectron transport region includes an electron transport layer and acharge control layer, the charge control layer being between theelectron transport layer and the emission layer, the charge controllayer includes the second compound, and the electron transport layerincludes the third compound.
 20. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 19, wherein the charge control layer directly contactsthe emission layer.